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PART I: UNDERSTANDING STEREOTYPES
- 1.1 The Context
- 1.2 The Scope
- 1.3 The Methodology
- 1.4 The Structure
Chapter 2: Why Do Stereotypes Exist?
- 2.1 Introduction: Social Identity
- 2.2 Social Categorisation
- 2.3 Stereotypes
- 2.4 Stereotype Properties
- 2.5 Bottom-up and Top-down Stereotyping
- 2.6 Stereotype Activation and Application
- 2.7 Consequences of Stereotypes
- 2.8 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Narrativising the Other
- 3.1 Introduction: Mental and Media Stereotypes
- 3.2 Folk Psychology
- 3.3 Documentary Narratives
- 3.4 Othering Discourses
- 3.5 Othering in Documentary Narratives
- 3.6 Social Distance
- 3.7 False Empathy and Hyperempathy
- 3.8 Conclusion
PART II: ANALYSING STEREOTYPES
- 4.1 Introduction: Classifying Media Stereotypes
- 4.2 The Primitive Other
- 4.3 The Incapable Other
- 4.4 The Amoral Other
- 4.5 The Victimised Other
- 4.6 The Extra-capable Other
- 4.7 Additive Combinations of Others
- 4.8 Conclusion
- 5.1 Introduction: A Body of Media Texts
- 5.2 The OIMDA Model
- 5.3 Outgroup
- 5.4 Ingroup
- 5.5 Social Wrong
- 5.6 Media Sampling
- 5.7 Media Analysis
- 5.8 Conclusion
Chapter 6: The OIMDA Model—Blindness Case Study
- 6.1 Introduction: Context
- 6.2 Outgroup
- 6.3 Ingroup
- 6.4 Social Wrong
- 6.5 Media Sampling
- 6.6 Media Analysis: Narrative Stereotypes
- 6.7 Media Analysis: Aesthetic Stereotypes
- 6.8 Media Analysis: Socio-cultural Context
- 6.9 Conclusion
PART III: REDUCING STEREOTYPES
- 7.1 Introduction: A Message-centred Approach
- 7.2 Visibility
- 7.3 Incidentality
- 7.4 Narrative Foregrounding
- 7.5 Non-stereotypical Portrayals
- 7.6 Positive Portrayals
- 7.7 Exposing Stigma and Stereotypes
- 7.8 Subverting Stigma and Stereotypes
- 7.9 Outgroup Self-representation
- 7.10 Conclusion
- 8.1 Introduction: Achieving Stereotype Reduction
- 8.2 The Stereotype Reduction Model
- 8.3 Perspective-taking
- 8.4 Materiality
- 8.5 Materiality through Objects
- 8.6 Materiality in the Home
- 8.7 Materiality in the Past
- 8.8 Everydayness
- 8.9 Everydayness through Routines and Rituals
- 8.10 Everydayness through Disruptions and Failures
- 8.11 Conclusion
Chapter 9: Cross-categorisation
- 9.1 Introduction: Multiple Categorisation
- 9.2 Multiple Categorisation Configurations
- 9.3 Surprising Category Combinations
- 9.4 Case Study: The Gardeners of Kabul
- 9.5 Less distant Outgroups
- 9.6 The Shared Ingroup Category
- 9.7 Case Study: Africa with Ade Adepitan
- 9.8 Extended Cross-group Intimacy
- 9.9 Conclusion
- 10.1 Introduction: The Common Ingroup
- 10.2 The Common Ingroup Category
- 10.3 The Universal Common Ingroup
- 10.4 De-emphasising Differences
- 10.5 The Dual Identity
- 10.6 Precluding Ingroup Projection in Dual Identity
- 10.7 Outgroups without Stigmatising Stereotypes
- 10.8 Outgroups with Stigmatising Stereotypes
- 10.9 Conclusion
- 11.1 Introduction: The Individual Identity
- 11.2 Differentiation
- 11.3 Differentiation by Ambiguity
- 11.4 Differentiation by Contrast
- 11.5 Personalisation
- 11.6 Personalisation through Self-other Comparison
- 11.7 Personalisation through Self-disclosure
- 11.8 The Filmmaker’s Perspective
- 11.9 Conclusion
- 12.1 Summary
- 12.2 Condition and Risks
- 12.3 Using Stigmatising Stereotypes
- 12.4 Final Thoughts